GAMBESON

The quintessential element of a medieval warrior's wardrobe, gambesons were extensively used from the High Middle Ages. These garments were made from quilted layers of linen or wool, capable of being worn independently or underneath chainmail and plate armour. Renowned for its ability to dissipate the impact of strikes, the gambeson was a favoured choice across various ranks, from knights to archers.

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Image: courtesy of Canterbury Cathedral

AKETON

Emerging in the 12th century, the aketon was a lighter counterpart to the gambeson, often worn beneath heavier armour. Its padded and quilted design was essential for knights' mobility and comfort, particularly during the Crusades, offering insulation against climate extremes and cushioning against combat blows. The aketon was produced as a shapeless form or padded attire, and later evolved into the pourpoint, that were shapen more after the body of its wearer, while still offering in plenty of padded protection. Of course, the rich would have the pourpoint shapen to their body.

ARMING DOUBLET

By the late Middle Ages, the arming doublet had become indispensable for knights donning plate armour. Designed to bear the armour's weight and provide attachment points for plates, arming doublets merged functionality with high fashion. They were often elaborately adorned, reflecting the wearer's status and wealth. Notably, King Henry VIII flaunted arming doublets that were protective and symbolic of his regal bearing.

JACK OR JACK OF PLATE

Used from the 14th through the 17th centuries, the jack was a practical padded jacket favoured by soldiers and militia. Typically sleeveless and shorter than a gambeson, it sometimes incorporated metal plates or hardened leather for enhanced defence. The jack's adaptability made it popular among light cavalry and infantry, and it was appreciated for its mobility and faster drying capabilities.

PADDED COIF OR ARMING CAP

The padded coif was common in the early medieval period. It served as crucial headgear, protecting the skull, neck, and shoulders when worn under helmets or as standalone armour. Figures like William Wallace relied on padded coifs for additional defence beneath their more substantial armour, highlighting its indispensable role in combat.

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These padded garments reflect a rich tapestry of historical armour development, showcasing the strategic adaptations made by armourers to meet the changing demands of warfare and armour technology. Each piece was meticulously crafted to suit specific battlefield roles, ensuring that warriors were both well-protected and able to move comfortably during combat.